Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder has also been called manic-depression and bipolar depression. Bipolar Disorder differs from depression, in that the person also experiences extreme highs in mood. Some have described it as like being "high" without drugs. The "highs" are called Manic Episodes or Hypomanic Episodes depending on the symptoms. Some people experience depressive and manic symptoms together which is called a Mixed Episode. Most people experience their first Manic or Hypomanic Episode in their early 20s, with a rapid onset and escalation of symptoms. However, it is not uncommon to first experience manic symptoms as a teen. Manic and Hypomanic Episodes are usually shorter and end more abruptly than depressive episodes.

The symptoms of depression in a Bipolar Disorder are the same as those of a Major Depressive Episode. A large portion of individuals with Bipolar Disorder experience a Manic or Hypomanic Episode immediately before or after a Major Depressive Episode. Somewhere between 5% and 15% of individuals with Bipolar Disorder experience four or more clinically significant changes in mood within a year (i.e., Rapid Cycling).

There are two types of Bipolar Disorder. Bipolar I Disorder is characterized by Manic or Mixed Episodes. Although not necessary for a diagnosis those with Bipolar I Disorder often experience Major Depressive Episodes as well. A Bipolar II Disorder is characterized by having experienced at least one Hypomanic Episode and at least one Major Depressive Episode. Approximately 5-15% of individuals diagnosed with Bipolar II Disorder will go on to develop a Manic Episode, in which case their diagnosis would change to Bipolar I Disorder. Bipolar II Disorder may be misdiagnosed as Major Depressive Disorder with episodes of hypomania thought to be periods of recovery.

Many people with a Bipolar Disorder view some of their symptoms (e.g., less need for sleep, increased energy) as positive. However, they often ignore the negative impact that some of their symptoms have on academic, vocational, and interpersonal aspects of their lives. A full assessment by a psychologist or psychiatrist will help determine the extent to which symptoms are interfering with the person's life.

There are a number of Physical Conditions that can cause symptoms similar to mania. Consult with a physician that you trust in order to have a full medical examination prior to concluding that what you are experiencing is mania or hypomania without any physical basis.

Treatment:

The primary treatment for a Bipolar Disorder is medication because it helps to regulate mood so that the person does not experience the extreme highs and lows. Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) can be helpful in reducing the likelihood of relapse and is extremely helpful with depression symptoms. People are taught how to change their thoughts and behaviors related to mania and depression.

If you or someone you know is suffering from depression contact one of our psychologists today at either the Calgary (403-313-8309) or Vancouver (1-877-313-8309) office to find out how we can help. You can also contact us by e-mail.

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