Sexual Dysfunction

Problems with sexual dysfunction can occur at the level of sexual desire or at any stage of the sexual response cycle, specifically arousal, orgasm, and resolution. Difficulties may occur at any of these stages and can sometimes interfere with more than one stage of sexual activity.

• Sexual problems in both men and women can occur because there is less desire for sexual activity (Hypoactive Desire Disorder) or because the person avoids sexual contact because it is considered aversive (Sexual Aversion Disorder).
• Sexual Arousal Disorders occur differently in men and women. Female Sexual Arousal Disorder is diagnosed when a woman has difficulty attaining or maintaining adequate lubrication-swelling until completion of sexual activity. Male Erectile Disorder is diagnosed when a man has difficulty achieving or maintaining an adequate erection to complete sexual activity.
• Orgasmic Disorders in both men and women occur because there is a delay or absence of orgasm after a normal period of sexual excitement. Men can also experience Premature Ejaculation, in which the individual ejaculates after minimal sexual stimulation.
• Both men and women can experience pain during sexual intercourse, which is called Dyspareunia, resulting in pain in the genital area. Women can also experience Vaginismus that involves involuntary contractions of the muscles of the outer vagina during penetration, thus interfering with sexual intercourse.

Sexual dysfunction is diagnosed within the context of the duration and phase of the sexual response cycle, the person’s age and sexual experience, and the novelty of a situation or sexual partner. Problems with sexual desire are not diagnosed simply because a person does not find a particular sexual partner attractive. Nor is a sexual arousal diagnosis made simply based on a lack of adequate sexual stimulation.

Some individuals have sexual difficulties early on in life, whereas others experience problems after a period of normal sexual functioning. Younger adults are more likely to seek help for sexual dysfunction, as are geriatric adults. Many times the cause of sexual dysfunction may remain unknown and can occur as a result of both physical and psychological problems. Previous sexual abuse as well as ongoing relationship problems can result in difficulties with sexual intimacy. Alcohol and other drugs, as well as some prescription medications can interfere with sexual functioning. Additionally, there are a number of medical conditions that can interfere with sexual functioning (e.g., multiple sclerosis, enlarged prostate, spinal cord injuries). Some problems simply occur because of hormonal changes, such as those experienced during pregnancy, breast-feeding, or menopause. Individuals should undergo a full medical examination in order to rule out physiological conditions as a source of their sexual difficulties.

Treatment:

Masters and Johnson pioneered the psychological treatment of sexual problems. Treatment usually involves couples, though some components of treatment may be directed toward the individual. Some people find that a combination of couples counseling to improve communication and specific treatment of sexual dysfunction to be helpful. Although some sexual dysfunction can be adequately treated with medication (e.g., Viagra), psychological treatments have been shown to be highly effective for most sexual disorders.

If you or someone you know is suffering from sexual dysfunction contact one of our psychologists today at either the Calgary (403-313-8309) or Vancouver (1-877-313-8309) office to find out how we can help. You can also contact us by e-mail.